Dacwadaha idaariga ah waa dacwado daruuri tahay in shacabku bartaan oo lagu baraarujiyo muhiimadooda iyo in ay yihiin dariiqooyinka lagu kaantaroolo hay’adaha maamul fulinta (Executive Agencies) amma go’aannada maamul (administration decision).
Maraaxilo kala duwan bay baraan oo heerar kala duwan oo sharci leh. Tusaale ahaan, go’aan masuul, go’aan guddi dabci garsoor u eeke leh (Tribunal) ilaa heer maxkamadeed (court of law).
Mar kastana waxa ay ku xidhan tahay rafcaan qaadashadeedu heerka go’aan sida heer degmo, gobol amma qaran amma waax. Mid kastaana darajada maxkamadeed amma guddi amma hay’adeed ee awoodda u leh dhegaysigeeda ayuu rafcaankeedy tagaa amma gaadhaa.
Waddamada shuruucdoodu ku salaysan tahay go’aannada garsoorku dhacdooyinka soo mara kaga garnaqaan haddii aan sharci qeexaya arrintaa jirin (Common law system), gaadhida caddaaladda dabiiciga ah ah (Natural Justice) waxa looga baahan yahay maxkamad u-eekayaasha maamul (Administrative Tribunals) in ay go’aannadoodu ku salaysnadaan hannaanka sugida caddaaladda (procedurally fair)
Caddaaladda Dabiiciga ah (Natural Justice waxa ay ka kooban tahay laba mabda’:
1. In qofku waa inuu og yahay dacwada ka dhanka ah, fursadna loo siiyey inuu ka jawaabo amma xaqa in isna la dhegaysto (audi alteram partem), iyo
2. In aan qofna lagu go’aamin asbaabtiisa amma in dhinac la isaga tuurin xaglinta (nemo judex in sua causa).
Jebinta amma xad-gudka caddaaladda dabiiciga (natural justice) waxa loo tixgelin jiray in ay ku timaado khalad ikhtisaasi amma awoodeed (Jurisdictional error) oo taabanayey in go’aanka la soo saaray aanay cida soo saartay awood lahayn amma awoodooda ka baxsan tahay (certiorari).
Aakhirkii waxa la soo saaray oo dalalka sharcigoofu dhacda ugubeedka (Common law) iyo kuwa sharciga qoron isku haleeya (Civil law) qaateen habka sugidda caddaaladda (Procedural Fairness) in laga eego go’aanka maamul ee muranka sharci ka dhadhay. Hannaankan waa mid ku salaysan in dhinacyo kala gedisan laga eegi dacwada maamul, iyadoo mar wal ba la eegaayo duruufaha ku gadaaman.
Labaddaa hannaan ba waa kuwo asal-raacyo, sababtoo ah hannaanka caddaaladdu (Procedural Fairness) waa mid ka kooban xuquuqaha Caddaaladda asalka ah (Natural Justice Rights) isku mid ah leh sida:
– Xaqa in lagu dhegaysto (Right to be heard),
– xaqa wargelinta (Right to notice)
– Xaqa gudbinta (Right to submission)
– xaqa helid qareen sharci
– xaqa baadhida (right to examine) amma
– xaqa sababaynta (right to reasons).
Haddaba, maxkamad-u-eekayaasha (Tribunals) waa kuwo si madaxbannaan loo sameeyo oo ka madaxbannaan hay’adaha maamul ee arrintay ka garnaqayaan ka dhaqeeya amma waa kuwo hoos taga. Tusaale ahaan somaliland waxa ka mid ah:
1. Guddida ka Garnaqista Dacwadaha Dhulka;
2. Guddida ka Garnaqista Dacwadaha Shaqaalaha Rayidka ah;
3. Guddida ka garnaqista dacwadaha Cashuurhaa;
4. Guddida ka garnaqista dacwadaha Shaqaalaha dawladda (yagleeliddeeda loo baahan yaahay);
Haddii hay’ad maamul oo dawli ah go’aan ay soo saartay amma masuulka u sarreeya go’aan uu saaray hay’adda darteed laga rafcaan qaadanayo waa in asbaabta rafcaan qaadasho ku salaysnaadan arrimo ay ka mid yihiin:
1. In lagu guuldarraystay ogaanshaha in go’aanku ku salaysnaa habka sharcigu dhigaayey;
2. Qofka go’aanka soo saaray in aannu awood u lahay soo saaris go’aankaas maamul;
3. In aan sharciga la tiigsaday dhigayn go’aanka la soo saaray ee loo celinayo in sharciga ama xeerkaasi sidaa dhigayo; amma
4. Go’aanka loo fuliyey si aam waafaqsanayn xeerka iyo awoodda hay’addaas;
5. Amma ay ka dhasheen dhacdooyin kale oon xidhiidh la lahayn go’aanka;
6. Khalad sharci;
7. Go’aanka oo ay ku lammaanayeen khiyaamo amma khaladaad;
8. In aanay jirin sharci amma caddaymo lagu asbaabeeyey – cudurdaaray – fulinta go’aannada.
Go’aannada maamul ee hay’adaha fulinto soo saaran maaha kuwo kama dambays ah ee waa laga doodi karaa, lagana rafcaan qaadan karaa ee marka hore uun dhammaystir jaram jarooyinka dharci sida kala sarraynta rafcaan qaadasho iyo ogaanshaha jiritaanka hay’ad kaloo maamul oo go’aanka lagaga rafcaan qaadan karo.
Garyaqaan Ibraahim Khadar Siciid
